5-Amino-1-Methylquinolinium
Evidence Grade E — Very limited evidence. 0 published studies. 0 registered clinical trials.
5-Amino-1MQ is a small molecule enzyme inhibitor — not a peptide — that targets NNMT, an enzyme involved in cellular energy metabolism. No human clinical trials have been conducted. It is included in this database because it is commonly encountered alongside peptide compounds in unregulated channels. It is prohibited by WADA.
No published studies found on PubMed.
5-Amino-1MQ has no marketing authorisation. No human clinical trials have been conducted. The key preclinical study treated diet-induced obese mice for 11 days and reported body weight and fat mass changes. No human pharmacokinetic, safety, or efficacy data exist.
5-Amino-1MQ is not a peptide. Products available through unregulated channels lack pharmaceutical quality assurance. The absence of any human data means effects, safety, interactions, and appropriate dosing in humans are entirely unknown.
Research in animal models suggests 5-Amino-1MQ inhibits the enzyme NNMT, which plays a role in cellular energy balance by consuming a cofactor (SAM) that is important for numerous metabolic processes. The proposed downstream effects observed in obese mice have not been tested in humans. The compound is a small molecule with no peptide structure.
The evidence base is entirely preclinical, with all published data originating from a single laboratory group. The key study treated obese mice for 11 days and reported weight and fat changes. No human pharmacokinetic, safety, or efficacy data exist. No formal toxicology studies have been conducted. The absence of any human data means the compound's effects, safety, interactions, and appropriate dosing in humans are completely unknown. Products from unregulated channels lack pharmaceutical quality assurance.
No trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov for this compound.
The information on this page is provided for educational and research reference purposes only. This is not medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions.
Liraglutide is marketed as Victoza for type 2 diabetes (approved 2010) and Saxenda for weight management (approved 2014). The LEADER trial, involving over 9,300 patients followed for nearly four years, established that liraglutide reduced the risk of major cardiovascular events by 13% — a landmark finding that helped establish GLP-1 treatments as a class with heart benefits. Saxenda is also approved for adolescents aged 12 and older. While historically significant, liraglutide has been substantially surpassed by newer agents. In a direct comparison, semaglutide achieved 15.8% weight loss compared to liraglutide's 6.4%. Liraglutide remains relevant as a lower-intensity option and as a benchmark against which newer treatments are measured. It has over a decade of real-world safety data, making it one of the best-understood medications in this class.
Setmelanotide is marketed as Imcivree (Rhythm Pharmaceuticals; approved November 2020 for POMC, PCSK1, or LEPR deficiency; June 2022 for Bardet-Biedl syndrome; December 2024 expanded to patients aged 2 years and older). Genetic testing confirming an eligible mutation is required before treatment. In patients with POMC or PCSK1 deficiency, approximately 80% achieved at least 10% weight loss in clinical trials. In Bardet-Biedl syndrome, 32.3% achieved the same threshold. The most common side effects are injection-site reactions and skin darkening (due to the melanocortin pathway's connection to pigmentation). Setmelanotide exemplifies precision medicine — it is highly effective in the specific genetic populations it targets but is not indicated for common obesity.
HGH Fragment 176-191 has no marketing authorisation. A Phase IIa trial in obesity (approximately 300 patients) failed to demonstrate statistically significant weight loss at any dose tested. The clinical development programme was discontinued. The disconnect between animal data (which showed significant fat reduction in obese mice) and the failed human trial is the defining feature of this compound's development history. Products available through unregulated channels lack pharmaceutical quality assurance. The failed Phase II trial represents the highest level of clinical evidence available.