Diapid
Evidence Grade C — Moderate human evidence. 24 published studies, 17 human. 85 registered clinical trials.
Lypressin (lysine vasopressin) is a synthetic version of the natural pig form of vasopressin. It was previously sold as a nasal spray (Diapid) for diabetes insipidus but was voluntarily withdrawn from the market around 1997 — not for safety reasons, but because desmopressin offered a clearly better clinical profile with longer duration and fewer side effects.
24 published studies: 17 human, 5 animal, 1 in-vitro, 4 reviews
Lypressin was previously marketed as Diapid (Sandoz) nasal spray for diabetes insipidus. It was voluntarily withdrawn from the market around 1997, not for safety or efficacy reasons, but because desmopressin offered a superior clinical profile: longer duration of action, greater selectivity for kidney receptors, minimal blood pressure effects, and multiple formulation options.
Lypressin is of historical interest as an early synthetic hormone replacement but has no current clinical role.
Lypressin acts on the same vasopressin receptors as the human hormone, promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys. It differs from human vasopressin at a single amino acid position (lysine instead of arginine at position 8). Its short duration of action (3–4 hours) and non-selective receptor profile — causing blood vessel constriction alongside the desired kidney effects — made it clinically inferior to desmopressin.
Lypressin is of historical interest only. Its short duration of action (3-4 hours) and non-selective receptor profile — causing blood vessel constriction alongside the desired kidney effects — made it clinically inferior to desmopressin in every meaningful way. No current clinical role exists. It retains minor relevance as a pharmacological research tool for studying vasopressin receptor subtypes. No active development programmes exist.
Effects of Terlipressin and Somatostatin on Portal Pressure in Patients Undergoing Living Donor Liver Transplantation
Terlipressin vs. Somatostatin in Cirrhotic Patients With Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Acute Kidney Injury
Comparison of Terlipressin Versus Octreotide in Patients With Hepatorenal Syndrome
Effect of Terlipressin for Intraoperative Blood Pressure Management in Kidney Transplantation
Safety and Efficacy of Continuous Infusion of Terlipressin With Norepinephrine Versus Norepinephrine Alone in Improving Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Acute on Chronic Liver Failure With Septic Shock
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