Prediabetes
A metabolic state with blood glucose levels higher than normal but below the diabetes diagnostic threshold (HbA1c 5.7-6.4%). Prediabetes indicates significantly increased risk of progressing to type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle intervention and weight loss are primary prevention strategies.
Technical Context
Prediabetes criteria: impaired fasting glucose (IFG: FPG 100-125 mg/dL), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT: 2-hour OGTT glucose 140-199 mg/dL), or HbA1c 5.7-6.4%. Approximately 70% of people with prediabetes eventually progress to T2D. Risk factors: overweight/obesity, physical inactivity, family history, age >45, GDM history, and ethnicity (higher risk in Black, Hispanic, Native American, Asian American populations). Prevention: lifestyle intervention (5-7% weight loss, 150 min/week moderate activity) reduces T2D risk by approximately 58% (DPP trial). Pharmacological prevention: metformin reduces risk by approximately 31%. GLP-1 RAs have not been specifically studied for diabetes prevention as a primary indication, but their weight loss effects and metabolic improvements may reduce progression risk in clinical practice.